The PhD in Educational Studies is a research-oriented doctoral program for students interested in any of the study areas offered in the department. Students are required to take two first-year doctoral seminars and a second-year doctoral seminar. All other courses in a student’s program are determined in consultation with faculty. Students in the PhD program typically devote two years to coursework, and two to four years to developing and carrying out a research project designed to make an original contribution to knowledge in the study area. The university allows doctoral students up to six years to complete program requirements. There is no set number of credits required for PhD programs at UBC.